
Current Issue
Peacebuilding
Winter 2025, Volume XXIV, Number 2
Cover Image: Daniel Aguilar/Reuters
Table of Contents
Editor’s Letter →
by June Carolyn Erlick
Reflections on Peacebuilding

Peace as a Priority in Latin America: Overcoming Conflicts and Interventions
Latin American societies desire to live in peace. At present, there is no perceived danger of neighboring wars. The region is recognized as a Zone of Peace, denuclearized and without weapons of mass destruction.

The Path to Peace is Paved with Dignity
I’ve spent three decades as an international conflict resolution specialist and have worked on unofficial diplomatic efforts in Colombia, Cuba, the Middle East, Sri Lanka, Libya, Syria and Northern Ireland, among others.

Beyond Armed Conflict: What peace and what peacemaking?
My first lesson in peacemaking was really about war. I was at the Havana Film Festival in December 1988.

The Power of Brooms
San Blas, a neighborhood in Petare in Caracas, is the densest self-produced environment in Spanish-speaking Latin America, home to around 800,000 residents.
Focus on Haiti

Health as Peace
Jean Jean Joseph lies on the cot, an arm draped over his forehead, shielding his eyes. The roof of the temporary medical ward is made of green plastic, casting everything in a sickly tint. His feet are broad and flat, with widespread toes and thickly calloused skin, cracked at the heels—79 years of much barefoot walking.

Violence, Abuses and Hunger in Haiti
I have worked in Haiti under a military dictatorship, in the aftermath of the devastating 2010 earthquake and in other crisis periods.

International Cooperation in Haiti
Four months after the January 10, 2010 earthquake that killed more than 316,000 people and left Haiti’s capital a shambles with 1.3 million displaced, researchers from the Interuniversity Institute for Research and Development (INURED) convened a meeting with 25 community leaders, aged 17 to 21, from Cité Soleil, a vast shantytown in Port-au-Prince.

A Conch Call for Haiti
Two hundred and twenty years ago, Haiti blew the conch call of freedom from slavery.

The Triumph of Non-Intervention? Haiti and the Contemporary Politics of Rescue
It is both a declaration of humanist solidarity and a cri de coeur.
Focus on Colombia

Building Peace Amidst Multiple Transitions: Colombia After the Peace Agreement between the state and FARC
Peace was “in the air” in Colombia in 2011.

Death, Rebirth and Genocide: The Mass Murder of the Patriotic Union in Colombia
Blinded by the flare of his rocket launcher, the mercenary lost his footing and missed.

Building Consensus Around Peace Education in Colombia
Génesis Salas is a 12-year-old Afro-Colombian girl who lives in a rural area of Medio Atrato, Chocó, a region known for its rich biocultural heritage but also affected by various forms of violence. Children and adolescents frequently drop out of school there, even before finishing grade school, to work in fishing or artisanal mining.

Peace Advancements and Challenges in Colombia
Speaking with Fabián Chaparro is like encountering optimism and a deep-rooted sense of hope. At 37, single, and having spent half his life in the guerrilla, Fabián dreamed of returning to the countryside near his family. His story, titled: Granja porcícola en Huila, ejemplo de emprendimiento liderado por un hombre invidente en reincorporación (Pig Farm in Huila: A Model of Entrepreneurship Led by a Visually Impaired Man in the Reincorporation Process,) eflects his journey.

Special Jurisdiction for Peace in Colombia
Derly Patiño entered the room barefoot, accompanied by a group of victims of Colombia’s armed conflict, to participate in a symbolic act. In her hands, she carried some planters that had been repaired in a manner similar to the Japanese method Kintsugi.

Preserving the Truth, Shaping the Future: LGBTQ+ Voices in Colombia
La Poderosa, an Afro-Colombian gay man from the rural Colombian town of San Juan de Urabá, was celebrating his 18th birthday in 1999 when paramilitaries abducted him from a public gathering.

Truth, Polarization and Parliamentary Politics
The newspaper El Espectador in Bogotá called for a “Christmas truce” in the polarized Colombian political landscape of December 2024. It invited congress members from different parties and former political figures to write a year-end column about their opponents, highlighting their positive aspects rather than their differences or flaws. Not everyone accepted, but those who did showed a courteous and respectful tone toward their adversaries, which included former guerrillas or leaders on the right of the political spectrum.

Day After Day: Peacemaking through Education
I’ve always been a bit uncomfortable with the word “peacemaking.” It’s hard to place that discomfort but it is located somewhere around the feeling that it’s presumptuous — that peace could just be made, as if there is a formula, as if enough expertise could engineer it. I’m not against peacemaking, don’t get me wrong, but I’ve come to prefer my peacemaking humble; small-scale, low expectations, consistent over time, and with real impacts on people’s lives.

Pluralizing Peace: The Sanaduría Project
Ginel Dokoe, a Murui artist from the Colombian Amazon and co-researcher in Sanaduría, a three-year collaborative project exploring alternative ways of naming, thinking about and practicing peace, was asked what “peace” means to him and his culture. “We don’t have a word for peace,” he said.
Focus on El Salvador

El Salvador without Rule of Law
Cutting down trees illegally to build a mall in San Salvador Sur reveals a form of government without laws, that privileges cronies, does away with transparency and destroys the environment.

Peace in El Salvador: An Export Model?
I write these lines on my return from a community in the north of San Salvador, one of those out-of-the-way places that don’t exist in Google Maps and where cellphones don’t work.

“Bukelismo,” A Deceptive, Illiberal Model of Peace: Spreading from El Salvador to the United States
On January 1, 2025, a viral post on the social media platform X touted the alleged reduction in homicides in El Salvador under President Nayib Bukele from 6,656 in 2015 (which equated to a world-leading homicide rate per person) to 114 in 2024 (the lowest rate in the Western Hemisphere).

Beyond the Iron Fist: Mining the New El Salvador
Marching towards what he calls the New El Salvador, President Nayib Bukele has revolutionized many aspects of the country’s reality.

Lessons from El Salvador: Bukele’s “Peace Model”
Throughout 2024, Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele incessantly repeated that his tough measures against violent gangs finally brought peace to the country.
Book Reviews

A Review of Representing the Barrios: Culture, Politics, and Urban Policy in Twentieth Century Caracas
Rebecca Jarman, in her book, Representing the Barrios: Culture, Politics, and Urban Policy in Twentieth Century Caracas, explores the vibrancy and complexity of Caracas’s barrios. In Caracas, the term barrio refers to self-produced neighborhoods––usually defined as informal settlements––where communities self-organize the construction of their territory with no prior planning but through an incremental yet effective system of organization.

A Review of From South Central to Southside: Gang Transnationalism, Masculinity and Disorganized Violence in Belize City
In 2013, I took a repurposed U.S. school bus from the south of Mexico, my adopted home country, to Belize City. Once across the border, we ended up making a lengthy stop when passengers with pre-purchased tickets found themselves unable to board the crammed vehicle and began to protest the perceived injustice. In the scorching heat, the initial exasperation among locals both on and off the bus quickly turned into visceral anger. The episode would stay with me as I wandered around Belize City, shocked by the generalized poverty.